who is dinah's son in the bible

The Bible often calls Jesus "the Son of God.". That is, he argued that Simeon and Levi acted lawfully insofar as they carried out a military operation as an act of vengeance or retribution for the rape of Dinah.[17]. Scholars have suggested that the massacre may have been carried out by all the brothers, but the curse Jacob put on them and their tribes in Genesis 49:5-7 is directed at Simeon and Levi alone: ‘Simeon and Levi are brothers; weapons of violence are their swords. Leah's children were Reuben, Simon, Levi, Judah. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 28 September 2021, at 18:12. Not long ago we published an article on Genesis 34, where we showed that Dinah was married off to Shechem. . a. The story of Dinah recounts an episode in which the girl (or young woman) goes out to see the “daughters of the land” (34:1) but is raped, seduced, and/or abducted by Shechem, a Hivite prince, who subsequently falls in love with her. Therefore, Dinah's son by Shechem was counted among Simeon's progeny and received a portion of land in Israel, Dinah herself being "the Canaanite woman" mentioned among those who went down into Egypt with Jacob and his sons (Gen. This article is about the biblical figure. Jacob's family became the nucleus of the Jewish nation. The men of the city will be unable to retaliate. Now remember, that Jacob had earlier, brought his land from Shechem's brothers . This book explores the notion of citizenship for young people through the journey of one family, and provides real life examples of how young people can be changemakers in their communities. 1 Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the women of the region; 2 and when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land, saw her, he seized her and lay with her by force. Episode 69: Dara Horn: People Love Dead Jews. In Rofé's analysis, the "defilement" refers to interracial sex rather than rape.[11]. . They must have been accompanied by many of their tribesmen, because two men alone could not massacre so many, disabled or not. https://thetorah.com/article/the-debasement-of-dinah, Joseph, Alison L. "Who Is the Victim in the Dinah Story?" Dinah's story actually starts in Genesis 30:21, which tells of her birth to Jacob and his first wife, Leah. That is, can she be allowed to be taken out of wedlock—“defiled” or “debased”—by the “sexually depraved” foreigner? "Published by the University of Nebraska Press as a Jewish Publication Society book." He instead says that such a description reflected a "late, post-exilic notion that the idolatrous gentiles are impure [and supports] the prohibition of intermarriage and intercourse with them." Hidden Polemics in Biblical Narrative, trans. This one God, however, is expressed in three Persons … God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Why? Dinah's Brothers Avenge Their Sister. The Bible doesn't say whether it was consensual or not.) l.c.). Dinah is the daughter of Jacob, the father of 12 sons (and thus the 12 tribes) in the ancestor narratives of Genesis. l.c.). In Canaan, Jacob's daughter Dinah chooses friends who worship false gods. Describing her fear when the Union army arrived, she said: "We was so scared we run under the house and the Yankees called 'Come out Dinah' (didn't call none of us anything but Dinah). Dinah reappears in Genesis 34, a chapter that early versions of the Bible titled "the rape of Dinah." Ironically, Dinah never speaks for herself in this significant episode of her life. 25 On the third day, when they were sore, two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, took their swords and came upon the city unawares, and killed all the males. An extensive commentary on the Book of Jubilees, followed by a series of chapters exploring the possibility that the book had more than one author, as well as its relationship to the Genesis Apocryphon, the Aramaic Levi Document, 4Q225 ... Further, Jacob keeps silent and remains passive throughout the negotiations; the reader does not know whether he approves of the marriage proposal. In this insightful book, R. C. Sproul walks readers through the foundations of the Reformed doctrine and explains how the Reformed belief is centered on God, based on God's Word, and committed to faith in Jesus Christ. Leah's name is variously said to mean "wild cow," "gazelle," "wearied," and "weary" in Hebrew. 34:2-3 Shechem told his father that he'd like to marry Dinah. Jacob means ‘he who grabs for something’ – either his brother’s heel at the moment of birth, or his brother’s inheritance later on. 34 Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah, went to visit some of the women who lived there. While set in the patriarchal period (circa 1800 BCE), the story was most likely composed much later, when the issue of intermarriage between Jacob’s descendants and the Canaanites was no longer an issue. At the same time, conventional legal history is repositioned, as new and classical texts are interpreted from the vantage point of feminist theory and social history. Papers from SBL Biblical Law Section form the core of this collection. They know this is the opportune time, since the third day after circumcision is the most painful, and is also the time when a fever is likely. Commentary on Parashat Vayishlach, Genesis 32:4 - 36:43. Now love complicates what would otherwise be the simple story of a violent crime. Follows the growing friendship between fifty-nine-year-old Kathleen, recently diagnosed with breast cancer, and the slightly younger Joyce, increasingly distant from her teenage daughter and struggling to write a second novel. He does not have to explain the reason for this uncomfortable operation: everyone knows what has happened. At the beginning of the story, Dinah is seized and dishonored. 4 And Shechem said to his father Hamor, 'Get me this girl as my wife.' 26 They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with their swords, took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went away.… So the men of Shechem were deceived, and were circumcised; and "on the third day, when they were sore, two of the sons of Jacob and Leah, Simeon and Levi, Dinah's brothers, took their swords and came upon the city unawares, and killed all the males. The tragic death of David's son is a consequence of David's sin, but it is not the penalty David deserves for his sin. And the sons of Jacob plundered whatever was in the city and in the field, "all their wealth, all their little ones and their wives, all that was in the houses.". "Dinah". 20 So Hamor and his son Shechem came to the gate of their city and spoke to the men of their city, saying, 21 “These men are friendly with us; let them dwell in the land and trade in it, for behold, the land is large enough for them; let us take their daughters in marriage, and let us give them our daughters. Shechem (the son of Hamor, the prince of the land) then took her and had sex with her, but how this text is to be exactly translated and understood is the subject of scholarly controversy.[2]. Intermarriage was actually common in the Bible's telling of early Hebrew history (e.g. But on the third day, when all the male residents are in dire pain from the circumcision, Simeon and Levi (full brothers of Dinah) enter the town, slaughter all the men, and rescue Dinah from Shechem’s house (v. 26). . “Literary Approaches to Biblical Literature: General Observations and a Case Study of Genesis 34.” In The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship (Jewish Studies in the 21st Century), ed. Let's look at the lineage and story of each son of Jacob and the tribes of Israel. The residents of Shechem agree, presuming they will collectively gain both wealth and women by the deal. [9] Kirsch argues that the narrative combines a Yahwist narrator describing a rape, and an Elohist speaker describing a seduction. 46:10). When Jacob blesses his 12 sons in Genesis, chapter 49, he said that Asher would have a life blessed with an abundance of food and delicacies befitting a king (Genesis 49:20). At first blush there is nothing redeeming about chapter 34 of Genesis. . A Jewish-American filmmaker, Dina Z., courts danger in Israel when she falls for a Palestinian activist and reawakens Dinah, her biblical ancestress, who suffered a tragic fate for the crime of loving the wrong man Illegitimate Love—Verses 1 through 4. Joseph, his brothers, and his father, Jacob, are the prototypes of all humanity and their story is the story of life itself. was her daughter by Shechem (Gen. R. However, Jacob's sons were dishonest. He was not a Son of God but the Son of God. The Bible's answer. It is technically incorrect, as he well knows, but it is an attempt to show respect for her – perhaps rather clumsy, but well-meant. He has injured her terribly – loss of virginity meant the loss of a future for any young girl. Gaspar de Crayer/WikiCommons. They demand that Shechem and all the males of the town circumcise themselves before intermarrying with Jacob’s family—a proposition made in guile. He was the ancestor of the Hamites in lower Egypt and Africa, and of the Hamites of Canaan and several others. From the start, therefore, Dinah may have felt that she was unloved by her father, the very man who should have loved her. Shechem, the son of Hamor the Hivite who . Amit, Yairah. Judah, Joseph, Moses, Samson), . Grappling with the Rape of Dinah. Their relationship will be based on loyalty and trust, he implies. The tragic death of David's son is a consequence of David's sin, but it is not the penalty David deserves for his sin. After the rampant bloodshed and sack of Shechem, the patriarch denounces his sons, Simeon and Levi, for stirring up trouble for him and “making him odious among the natives of the land, the Canaanites and Perizzites” (v. 30). Lexham English Bible has a combination title, "The Rape of Dinah and the Massacre at Shechem," and the 1599 Geneva Bible has a four part summary of the chapter, with the first part being, "Dinah is ravished." Finally, many English Bibles don't use subtitles at all. They set out to deceive Shechem and his father. Meaning: judged; vindicated. For Dinah to marry an uncircumcised man would be a disgrace (Genesis 34:13-17). Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Academic Press, 1998. And they had a son - Solomon. keeping Dinah's pregnancy a secret, Jacob had her child taken to Egypt to his friend. Genesis 16:2 Genesis 21:20 states that Ishmael was a skillful archer he had the skill of impalement arts in his DNA and that he settled in the soil barren wilderness of Paran, South of the Zin wilderness on the sinai peninsula. 3 And she said, Behold my maid Bilhah, go in unto her; and she shall bear upon my knees, that I may also have children by her. The Rabbis note that Shechem was a city predestined for evil happenings: Dinah was abused there, it was the place of Joseph's sale, and the kingdom of the Davidic line was divided in this city (BT Sanhedrin 102a). PART 8 What the Bible Foretells Comes True Show more. Now everyone will hate them and try to kill them. The man was named Shechem, the son of Hamor the Hivite, who was the prince of the country. Dinah was the daughter born to Jacob from his first wife, Leah ( Genesis 30:21 ). Shechem declared that he has fallen passionately in love with Dinah. When Jacob returned to his homeland after working for his father-in-law, Laban, for over 20 years, he settled in in a place called Shechem. The story has been called “The Rape of Dinah,” although not all scholars agree that she was raped—forced into sexual relations against her will. She is also mentioned in Ruth 4:11. In trying to repair the situation, Shechem and Hamor have made it worse. And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel. 8 But Hamor spoke with them, saying, “The soul of my son Shechem longs for your daughter; I pray you, give her to him in marriage. You shall dwell with us; and the land shall be open to you." even afterwards — Genesis 34) Dinah's brothers Simeon (Jacob's son number 2 who rose to number 1 after Reuben slept with Bilhah — Genesis 35:22 and 49:4) and Levi (Jacob's son number 3, and later number 2) first manage to . Her brother Simeon promised to find a husband for her, but she did not wish to leave Shechem, fearing that, after her disgrace, no one would take her to wife (Gen. R. Show your support for JWA when making your end of year gifts. His sister Dinah was kidnapped and raped by a Hivite named Shechem, a local ruler's son (Genesis 34:2), which naturally caused Jacob and all of his sons to be furious (Genesis 34:7). This led to the terrible revenge of Simeon and Levi in putting the Shechemites to death . He loved her tenderly – the words of the story imply longing, yearning, tenderness, not the usual feelings of a rapist. 34:3 Then he became very attached to Dinah, Jacob's daughter. It situates this intra-religious violence within the violence of the Roman Imperial order. It provides new readings of these texts that move beyond the "Jew as violator"/"Christian as violated" binary. He married an Egyptian there in Paran which is bordered by the Red sea and there is an old Arabian trade route running . Judah and the Judeans in the Fourth Century B.C.E. is the publication of the proceedings of the third conference, which was held in Muenster, Germany, in August 2005; the essays in it focus on the century during which the Persian Empire ... Bible and World History He is the eldest son of his family, next in line to rule the city of Shechem, so all the men the city agree to be circumcised. There is much debate about this. She seems to have been confident enough of her safety to move freely among the the Canaanite women of the region -relations with Canaanites were friendly, and the women of both peoples considered themselves to be safe. One midrash states that Dinah was conceived as a male in Leah's womb but miraculously changed to a female, lest the maid-servants (Bilhah and Zilpah) be associated with more of the Israelite tribes than Rachel. 26 They slew Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went away. Jacob had always preferred his other wife Rachel, even though Leah seems to have been a loving wife and gave her husband many children. It is over-retaliation, and it prompts the Bible’s command to limit retribution to ‘an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth’. And his soul clave unto Dinah . They said 'Dinah, we're fightin' to free you and get you out from under bondage'. 27 And the sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and plundered the city, because their sister had been defiled; 28 they took their flocks and their herds, their asses, and whatever was in the city and in the field; 29 all their wealth, all their little ones and their wives, all that was in the houses, they captured and made their prey. She was the daughter of Jacob and Leah She, by G-d's providence, later married Jacob's son, Joseph. He told her this, and he told anyone who would listen to him. Jonathan Chipman. 29 As for the events of King David's reign, from beginning to end, they are written in the records of Samuel the seer, the records of Nathan the prophet and the records of Gad the seer, 30 . l.c.). TheTorah.com (2017). The story then may be read as a polemic against inter-marriage, where the abduction of Dinah becomes the pretext for the severance of ties with Shechem and the Hivites, one of the Canaanite tribes. Here are places where we are told that Jacob had other daughters: > Then Jacob tore his garments and put sac. Now at the end, all the enemy’s belongings are seized and dishonored. In fact, scholars in the past have said that Dinah was below the age of 9, at the time of the incident with Shechem. . Who were the 12 sons of Jacob mentioned in the Bible? Mizraim is a son of Ham, the son of Noah. Jacob's concubine Bilhah gave birth to Dan . In Violence in the Hebrew Bible texts of violence in the Hebrew Bible and their reception history are discussed. [8] Within Genesis 34 itself, they suggest two layers of narrative: an older account ascribing the killing of Shechem to Simeon and Levi alone, and a later addition (verses 27 to 29) involving all the sons of Jacob. New Heart English Bible The sons of Jacob replied deceitfully to Shechem and his father Hamor, because he had defiled their sister Dinah. Simeon and Levi murder the Sichemites; Jacob forces Dinah to watch. 1 Now Dinah, the daughter Leah had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the women of the land. In Genesis 34, Dinah went out to visit the women of Shechem, where her people had made camp and where her father Jacob had purchased the land where he had pitched his tent. In Shechem, Jacob's daughter Dinah was kidnapped and raped by the ruler's son, who desired to marry the girl. 1 And when Rachel saw that she bare Jacob no children, Rachel envied her sister; and said unto Jacob, Give me children, or else I die. Then he became very attached to Dinah, Jacob's daughter. Genesis 34 gives the account of Dinah's venture into the city to visit the women there. They call Dinah ‘our sister’ rather than ‘your daughter’ – a reproach to their father. In all, Jacob had (at least) 12 sons and one daughter.10. And it would be at this time, that she meets a man who'd went by the name "Shechem." For he was the son of "Hamor the Hivite" -- which would have made him, the prince of the land. They steal the flocks and herds, donkey, and whatever produce they can carry. Based on the Book of Genesis, Dinah shares her perspective on religious practices and sexul politics. Rachel Adelman for in their anger they killed men,and at their whim they hamstrung oxen. Jacob is angry, as well he might be. And he stayed with/kept Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he lusted after the young woman, and he tried to quiet the young woman. For that day will not come unless the apostasy comes first and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction.". Abraham's Sons: Ishmael. The NET Bible. His life was colorful. He should have first approached her family and asked for her hand in marriage. "So he went into Hagar, and she conceived. Elijah, a biblical prophet is one of the most interesting characters in the Bible. Rendered in stunning, haunting detail, with Anita Diamant’s keen ear for language and profound compassion for her characters, The Last Days of Dogtown is an extraordinary retelling of a long-forgotten chapter of early American life. Nothing is said about Jacob’s feelings, or about what he thinks. This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. Contemporary feminist readers seek to reclaim the voice of the silenced Dinah, to reassert her own agency and even desire to be with Shechem (as in the Anita Diamant’s novel, The Red Tent). Alternatively, if she was raped, her own pain and anguish must be heard over the violent clamor in defense of male honor. The story of Dinah, the only daughter of the patriarch Jacob, recounts an episode in which she goes out to see the “daughters of the land” but is raped, seduced, and/or abducted by Shechem, a Hivite prince, who subsequently falls in love with and wishes to marry her. Abide is a unique tool for discovering Scripture at an exciting new level. In Diamant's version, Dinah falls in love with Shalem, the Canaanite prince, and goes to bed with him in preparation for marriage. The story of Dinah is one of the most difficult Biblical narratives, and the Rabbis offered different explanations for how Jacob's daughter became involved in this episode. In the context of the honor-shame socio-cultural milieu, the daughter’s voice hardly matters. Donate. Because of Shechem’s action, Dinah is an outcast. First, the reader’s sympathies turn to Shechem even though he may have forced himself upon Dinah. Biblical Women in World and Hebrew Literature, The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women, https://thetorah.com/article/the-debasement-of-dinah, https://thetorah.com/article/who-is-the-victim-in-the-dinah-story, Copyright © 1998–2021, Jewish Women's Archive. Mike covers all 50 chapters of Genesis. From creation to the flood and on to Abraham finishing with Joseph in Egypt. A complete study of the first book in the Bible. TheTorah.com (2015). 2 Thessalonians 2:3 "Don't let anyone deceive you in any way. In the Book of Genesis, Dinah (/ˈdiːnə/; Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}דִּינָה‎, Modern: DÄ«na, Tiberian: DÄ«nā, "judged; vindicated") was the daughter of Jacob, one of the patriarchs of the Israelites, and Leah, his first wife. "What I love most about this book is that the secrets Katie reveals are not simply steps to rehearse or goals to reach for. Levi takes revenge for his sister. Hamor was the ruler of the city of Shechem Joseph, son of the patriarch Jacob, dream interpreter and first minister of Egypt, is the hero of a story in the biblical book of Genesis. Zilpah bore Jacob his seventh and eighth sons, Gad and Asher. And the mother of Bathsheba was the Pharaoh's daughter who married King David. 26 They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went away. They then take all the women and children in the city, and make them slaves. Dinah's role story turns around the first four verses of chapter 34 of Genesis. They did not approve of Shechem marrying their sister. [19] At the 1850 Woman's Rights Convention in New York, a speech by Sojourner Truth was reported on in the New York Herald, which used the name "Dinah" to symbolize black womanhood as represented by Truth: In a convention where sex and color are mingled together in the common rights of humanity, Dinah, and Burleigh, and Lucretia, and Frederick Douglas [sic], are all spiritually of one color and one sex, and all on a perfect footing of reciprocity. Years later, when his son Joseph is apparently killed by wild animals, Jacob’s grief is terrible: he tears his clothes, wails, refuses to be comforted. Zlotnick, Helena. [10], On the other hand, another critical scholar, Alexander Rofé, assumes that the earlier authors would not have considered rape to be defilement in and of itself, and posits that the verb describing Dinah as "defiled" was added later (elsewhere in the Bible, only married or betrothed women are "defiled" by rape). His children were Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, Casluhim (out of whom came Philistim) and Caphtorim. There is deep anger in the hearts of Dinah’s brothers, and they want justice, not compensation. Cursed be their anger, for it is fierce,and their wrath, for it is cruel! Even though young, she was considered to be of marriageable age. Abraham loved his son very much, but did not hesitate to follow God's words for he was a man whose faith in God wasstrong. At the time of this story, she must have been very young – about fourteen years, since she was born after Leah’s four sons. Nevertheless, I find the idea of turning what is clearly a forced sexual encounter into some kind of love story (as Diamant does in The Red Tent) - to be very difficult indeed. There are many difficult passages in the Torah, and the rape of Dinah is among them. 2 She was seen by Hamor's son Shechem, the leader of the Hivites, and he grabbed her and raped her. 34:2 When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, who ruled that area, saw her, he grabbed her, forced himself on her, and sexually assaulted her. Dinah’s feelings are not recorded, so we have no way of knowing what they were. According to the Midrash, Simeon and Levi were only 14 and 13 years old, respectively, at the time of the rape of Dinah. Women at this time seem to have been relatively free to move around – think of Rachel and Rebecca, who move around in public without any apparent problems. Did Shechem take Dinah against her will? This story was used to demonstrate the danger to women in the public sphere as contrasted with the relative security of remaining in private. 25 Three days later, while they were still in pain, two of Jacob's sons (Dinah's brothers Simeon and Levi) took their swords, went into the unsuspecting city, and slaughtered every male. But Nathan has made it very clear that David's sin has been "taken away.". Rape Plots: A Feminist Cultural Study of Genesis 34. Without giving any details of where she was or how it happened, the Bible simply says that Shechem, the son of the local ruler, took hold of her and and had sexual intercourse with her by force. The expression “speak to the heart” implies a desire to ingratiate oneself after a breach (as in Genesis 50:21, Judges 19:3, Ruth 2:13, Hosea 2:16). In the biblical world of the Ancient Near East, when a virgin had sex out of wedlock—whether seduced or raped—she was devalued in terms of her social status, bringing shame upon the family. Verse 3 relates, "[Shechem's] soul was strongly attracted to Dinah . “Virginity in the Bible.” In Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East, edited by Bernard M. Levinson, Tikva Frymer-Kensky, andVictor H. Matthews, 79-96. Yet, when this didn't take place as quickly as they thought it should, they . Instead they wanted justice for the rape he had committed. And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went out. But Nathan has made it very clear that David's sin has been "taken away.". Dolly Parton lends the lyrics of her classic song "Coat of Many Colors" to this heartfelt picture book for young readers. When this daughter was born to Dinah, her brethren, the sons of Jacob, wanted to kill her, that the finger of men might not point at the fruit of sin in their father's house. World English Bible The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with . 2. lxxx.). Jacob is told that his daughter has been defiled. The various responses to the daughter’s debasement—the residents of Shechem, Jacob’s, the brothers’, and even Dinah’s silence—suggests a multivocal composition which centers on the question of intermarriage with the native “Canaanites” of the land. When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the region, saw her, he took her, and he laid her, and he raped her. The Bible leaves these questions unanswered. (According to another tradition, her child from her rape by Shechem was Asenath, the wife of Joseph, and she herself later married the prophet Job (Bava Batra 15b; Gen. R.

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